What the result contains
What This Tool Provides
Convert Nepali land areas between the hill system, ropani–aana–paisa–dam (रोपनी–आना–पैसा–दाम), the Terai system, bigha–kattha–dhur (बिघा–कट्ठा–धुर), and square feet and square meters. Enter an area the way a land document states it and read it in every other unit, including the dash form used on land records.
- The area in ropani–aana–paisa–dam and bigha–kattha–dhur
- Square feet and square meters
- The dash form, such as 0-4-2-1, ready to copy
- Hill-to-Terai and Terai-to-hill comparisons
How to Use This Tool
- Choose the system on your documentRopani–aana–paisa–dam, bigha–kattha–dhur, square feet or square meters.
- Enter each partFill in the fields you have; blank fields count as zero.
- Read every other unitResults update as you type and carry remainders into the larger unit.
How It Works
Both systems are defined in square feet, so the converter turns whatever you enter into square feet and then back out into every other unit. A ropani is a square 74 feet on each side, 5,476 sq ft; it divides into 16 aana of 342.25 sq ft, each aana into 4 paisa, and each paisa into 4 dam. A bigha is a square 270 feet on each side, 72,900 sq ft; it divides into 20 kattha of 3,645 sq ft, and each kattha into 20 dhur of 182.25 sq ft. Square meters use the exact international foot, 0.3048 m.
Worked Examples
A Kathmandu plot from a land document (illustrative)
- Input
0-4-2-1 (ropani–aana–paisa–dam)- Output
1,561.52 sq ft · 145.07 sq m
Four aana is 1,369 sq ft, two paisa add 171.13 sq ft and one dam adds 21.39 sq ft. In the Terai system the same plot is 0-0-8.57, about 8½ dhur.
A Terai field from a land document (illustrative)
- Input
0-3-5 (bigha–kattha–dhur)- Output
11,846.25 sq ft · 1,100.55 sq m
Three kattha is 10,935 sq ft and five dhur add 911.25 sq ft. In the hill system that is 2 ropani 2 aana 2 paisa and 1.81 dam.
One bigha in hill units
- Input
1 bigha- Output
13 ropani 5 aana 0 paisa 0.04 dam
A bigha is 72,900 sq ft, a little over 13.31 ropani.
Hill System: Ropani, Aana, Paisa, Dam
Used in Kathmandu Valley and the hill districts. Plot sizes in the valley are usually discussed in aana: "a 4 aana plot" is a quarter of a ropani.
| Unit | Equals | Square feet | Square meters |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 ropani (रोपनी) | 16 aana | 5,476 | 508.74 |
| 1 aana (आना) | 4 paisa | 342.25 | 31.80 |
| 1 paisa (पैसा) | 4 dam | 85.5625 | 7.95 |
| 1 dam (दाम) | — | 21.390625 | 1.99 |
Terai System: Bigha, Kattha, Dhur
Used in the Terai plains. A kattha is a common unit for house plots there, much as the aana is in the valley.
| Unit | Equals | Square feet | Square meters |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 bigha (बिघा) | 20 kattha | 72,900 | 6,772.63 |
| 1 kattha (कट्ठा) | 20 dhur | 3,645 | 338.63 |
| 1 dhur (धुर) | — | 182.25 | 16.93 |
Comparing the Two Systems
Neither system divides evenly into the other, so cross-system figures are approximate. These are the ones that come up most.
| Area | In the other system |
|---|---|
| 1 bigha | 13.31 ropani (13-5-0-0.04) |
| 1 ropani | 1.50 kattha (0-1-10.05) |
| 1 kattha | 10.65 aana (0-10-2-2.4) |
| 1 aana | 1.88 dhur |
| 1 acre | 7.95 ropani · 0.60 bigha |
| 1 hectare | 19.66 ropani |
Reading the Area on a Land Document
Land ownership certificates (लालपुर्जा) and survey records commonly print an area as numbers separated by dashes, largest unit first. In the hills, 0-4-2-1 means 0 ropani, 4 aana, 2 paisa and 1 dam; in the Terai, 0-3-5 means 0 bigha, 3 kattha and 5 dhur. Enter each number into its own field. If the document also states square meters, compare it with the result: a small difference is rounding, a large one usually means the fields were entered in the wrong system.
The worked examples above use made-up plot sizes in that format, not a real document. When the paperwork moves on to a loan, estimate the monthly installment or compare loan offers. For a plot measured with a tape, start from the side lengths: the length converter turns meters into feet, and the area converter handles acres and hectares.
Important Edge Cases
- Blank fields count as zero, so "4 aana" can be entered without filling in ropani, paisa or dam.
- Remainders smaller than a dam or a dhur are shown as decimals to two places rather than dropped.
- Values above a unit’s normal range, such as 20 aana, are accepted and carried: 20 aana shows as 1 ropani 4 aana.
Limitations
- The converter assumes the standard definitions above; it does not account for local or historical variants of a unit.
- Cross-system results are rounded to two decimals of the smallest unit.
- It converts areas; it does not check a document, value land or measure a plot.
Input handling
Private Browser Processing
Areas are converted in your browser. Nothing you enter, including figures from a land document, is sent to a server or added to the URL.
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Questions About This Tool
How many square feet are in 1 ropani?
5,476 sq ft, a square 74 feet on each side. That is 508.74 square meters.
How many square feet are in 1 aana?
342.25 sq ft, or 31.80 square meters. Sixteen aana make a ropani.
How many ropani are in a bigha?
About 13.31. A bigha is 72,900 sq ft and a ropani 5,476 sq ft.
How many square feet are in 1 kattha?
3,645 sq ft, or 338.63 square meters. Twenty kattha make a bigha.
What does 0-4-2-1 mean on a land document?
In the hill system it means 0 ropani, 4 aana, 2 paisa and 1 dam, about 1,561.52 sq ft or 145.07 square meters.